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Conclusion

conclusion

In conclusion, ...

Understanding why people act, individually and jointly matters.

At the most basic level, philosophical, psychological and formal answers are—or appear—inconsistent.

This is an obstacle to full understanding
but one that you can overcome.

repeated from conclusion to the whole course (peroration)

challenge

Discover why people act,
individually and jointly.

basic theories and discoveries
from three disciplines needed
to answer the question

to reach beyond
you need to look beyond

🔑

inconsistencies abound

but integration is possible

appendix

philosophical
methods

Philosophical methods: you might say, examples and contrast cases are the only things we have as philosophers, so we’re just stuck. But although I think this is right, I think it’s too quick to say we can’t do better ...

informal observation,

guesswork (‘intuition’),

reasoning,

& theoretical elegance

Diagnosis:
It seems to me that, whatever we are characterising, \textbf{it is important to distinguish characterising the thing to be explained from constructing a candidate explanation of it}.

Thing to Be Explained

Candidate Explanation

dimming of a star

conjecture about a planet

object-tracking abilities in infants

conjecture about innate knowledge

joint action

conjecture about shared intention/commitment/team reasoning/motor representation/...

Key issue: how to characterise the abilities to be explained by the theory?